Abstract: design of relay protection equipment monitoring method based on AIA-ELM model is proposed. The online monitoring architecture of relay protection equipment status is designed to collect equipment status information；Through the hierarchical fusion method, the data acquisition layer is integrated，analyzed and stored to obtain the equipment status data. The fractal dimension is used to judge the equipment status，and the fault signal features are extracted；The immune algorithm is used to optimize the linear parameters and input weights of the limit learning machine, the hidden layer node threshold，and improve the generalization performance. Based on the AIA-ELM model，the equipment fault signal is identified and diagnosed to achieve equipment monitoring. The comparison experiment shows that the method can improve the monitoring accuracy of relay protection equipment to more than 96.5%，reduce the signal error，and effectively ensure the operation safety of power system.