Abstract: low detection efficiency and insufficient anomaly recognition ability，and proposes an optimized design scheme for oil and gas pipeline detection systems based on artificial intelligence technology. This research adopts a hierarchical architecture design，integrating functions such as data collection，data fusion，intelligent analysis，visual display，and simulation application to achieve real-time monitoring and intelligent management of the operational status of oil and gas pipelines，significantly enhancing the application level of the oil and gas pipeline detection system. Meanwhile, this study employed artificial intelligence algorithms to simulate oil and gas pipeline leakage，corrosion，equipment failure and abnormal behavior. It was found that the design of this study can enhance the detection accuracy，operation and maintenance timeliness and system stability of oil and gas pipeline systems，providing certain technical references for the safe operation and digital management of oil and gas pipelines.