Abstract: To clarify the technological evolution laws of intelligent connected vehicles and break through the bottlenecks in the development of the industrial ecosystem, this study systematically sorts out the core technology system of intelligent connected vehicles and analyzes the constituent elements and collaborative logic of the industrial ecosystem. From a technical perspective, this paper focuses on analyzing the development stages and breakthrough directions of autonomous driving, Internet of Vehicles, intelligent cockpits, and chassis by-wire technologies. From an ecological perspective, based on the industrial ecosystem theory, innovation system theory and collaborative governance theory, a three-dimensional ecological framework of "technology supply - industrial collaboration - policy guarantee" is constructed to reveal the role positioning and interaction mechanisms of entities such as automakers, technology enterprises, and parts suppliers. Based on typical cases at home and abroad, key issues such as inconsistent technical standards, data security risks, and insufficient cross-subject collaboration in the construction of the ecosystem are identified. Game theory, network governance theory and other analytical tools are used to explain the essence of the problems. An optimization path of "collaborative technological innovation, co-construction of standard systems, co-governance of data security, and precise policy empowerment" is proposed, and the potential challenges and prerequisites for implementation are discussed. Research shows that the deep coupling of technological iteration and ecological synergy is the core driving force for the high-quality development of the industry, and the formation of this coupling relationship depends on the orderly interaction and mechanism design of multiple subjects based on theoretical logic, which can provide theoretical support and practical reference for the ecological upgrade of China's intelligent connected vehicles.