具身智能:范式演进、技术架构与产业发展路径

Embodied Intelligence: Paradigm Evolution, Technical Architecture, and Industrial Development Pathways

  • 摘要: 人工智能正从“离身计算”向“具身交互”经历深刻的范式革命。本文剖析具身智能的范式演进、内涵、技术架构、产业生态与发展路径。研究认为,具身智能通过融合“认知大脑”与“物理身体”,在“感知决策-执行”的闭环交互中克服传统人工智能“知行分离”的局限,是通往通用人工智能的关键路径。在技术功能上将具身智能解构为“感知决策-执行学习”四个层级,在产业分工上剖析为“核心软硬件-系统集成场景应用”三大环节。基于此,进一步论证了具身智能对生产力与产业组织的重塑效应,认为其将推动生产范式从静态自动化向动态自主优化演进,并催生人机共生的新型组织形态。最后,研判了产业发展面临的技术自主可控、场景落地难与生态碎片化三大瓶颈,并提出“固本强基、场景驱动、生态共建”的战略路径,为该领域的理论研究与政策制定提供学理参考。

     

    Abstract: Artificial intelligence is undergoing a profound paradigm revolution from "disembodied computing" to "embodied interaction." This study dissects the paradigm evolution, core connotation, technical architecture, industrial ecosystem, and development pathways of embodied intelligence. Research indicates that by integrating the "cognitive brain" with "physical body" to establish closed-loop "perception-decision-execution" interactions, embodied intelligence overcomes the "knowledge-action decoupling" limitation of traditional AI, representing a critical pathway toward artificial general intelligence. Technologically, we deconstruct embodied intelligence into four functional layers (perception, decision-making, execution, and learning), while industrially we analyze three value-chain segments (core hardware/software, system integration, and scenario applications). Furthermore, we demonstrate embodied intelligence's transformative effects on productivity and industrial organization, driving production paradigms from static automation toward dynamic autonomous optimization while catalyzing human-machine symbiotic organizational forms. Finally, we identify three critical bottlenecks: technological sovereignty constraints, application-scenario barriers, and ecosystem fragmentation, proposing a tripartite strategic pathway—"consolidating foundational capabilities, scenario-driven deployment, and collaborative ecosystem development"—to provide theoretical references for academic research and policy

     

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